The Doruneh Fault System (DFS) is one of the major active strike-slip faults in the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone. Despite its geological activity, no large (M ≥ 6.5) historical or instrumental earthquakes have been recorded along it. To date, the rate and distribution of slip, as well as the seismic behavior of the DFS, have been unknown. We reconstructed 67 geomorphic offsets recorded by three successive alluvial abandonment surfaces (Q1, Q2, and Q3) displaced along the western (WFZ) and central (CFZ) fault zones. The determined ages of ~12, ~36, and ~120 ka, using in situ-produced 10 Be and 36 Cl cosmogenic nuclides for theses surfaces, allowed to estimate three sets of individual left-lateral slip rates and consequently to describe the spatiotemporal distribution of slip along the CFZ and WFZ. The slip rates averaged over time intervals of ~36 and ~120 ka reveal variable slip rates along length but similar slip rates at a point with a maximum rate of ~8.2 mm/yr. During the Holocene, however, the fault slip behavior appears more complex, with a maximum rate of ~5.3 mm/yr. The CFZ is divided into two ~4 km apart segments, with symmetrical slip distributions relative to a persistent boundary, which has not been ruptured over the last ~12 ka. The maximum length of seismic fault segments varies from 70 to 100 km, which could produce earthquakes with a magnitude of M w 7.2–7.4. This emphasizes the necessity of segmentation models for long strike-slip faults that may not necessarily rupture along their whole length during a single earthquake.