ObjectivesNeck dissection is a controversial surgical procedure in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the Larynx free of any node metastasis detected in preoperative staging. The aim of this study was to investigate the distributions of lymph node metastases in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and improve the rationale for elective treatment of N0 neck.Material and methodsRetrospective single-center series of Seventy-eight successive patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent neck dissection between 2008 and 2015.ResultsSurgery was first-line treatment in 37 patients (47%) and for recurrent disease in 41 (53%). The rate of occult nodal metastasis was 14% (n = 11): levels IIa and/or III were affected in 9 cases (11.5%) compared with single cases of IIb and IV involvement (1.3% each). The rate of occult nodal metastasis was significantly lower among patients operated on for recurrent disease after radiotherapy than in patients who never had any radiotherapy of the cervical lymph nodes (0% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.03).ConclusionsSelective cervical lymph node dissection in levels IIa and III sparing levels IIb and IV seems to be ideal in total laryngectomy in patients with cN0 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Omitting lymph node dissection altogether may be considered in total laryngectomy on a cN0 patient showing recurrence after radiotherapy.