Journal Articles Nucleic Acids Research Year : 2024

Discovery of antiphage systems in the lactococcal plasmidome

Andriana Grafakou
Cas Mosterd
Matthias H Beck
Philip Kelleher
Brian Mcdonnell
Paul P de Waal
  • Function : Author
Irma M van Rijswijck
  • Function : Author
Noël N van Peij
Jennifer Mahony
Douwe van Sinderen

Abstract

Until the late 2000s, lactococci substantially contributed to the discovery of various plasmid-borne phage defence systems, rendering these bacteria an excellent antiphage discovery resource. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in identifying novel antiphage systems in lactic acid bacteria owing to recent reports of so-called ‘defence islands’ in diverse bacterial genera. Here, 321 plasmid sequences from 53 lactococcal strains were scrutinized for the presence of antiphage systems. Systematic evaluation of 198 candidates facilitated the discovery of seven not previously described antiphage systems, as well as five systems, of which homologues had been described in other bacteria. All described systems confer resistance against the most prevalent lactococcal phages, and act post phage DNA injection, while all except one behave like abortive infection systems. Structure and domain predictions provided insights into their mechanism of action and allow grouping of several genetically distinct systems. Although rare within our plasmid collection, homologues of the seven novel systems appear to be widespread among bacteria. This study highlights plasmids as a rich repository of as yet undiscovered antiphage systems.
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hal-04877792 , version 1 (24-01-2025)

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Andriana Grafakou, Cas Mosterd, Matthias H Beck, Philip Kelleher, Brian Mcdonnell, et al.. Discovery of antiphage systems in the lactococcal plasmidome. Nucleic Acids Research, 2024, 52 (16), pp.9760-9776. ⟨10.1093/nar/gkae671⟩. ⟨hal-04877792⟩
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