Exploring the successive waves of cortical folding in the developing brain using MRI and spectral analysis of gyrification
Résumé
In the developing human brain, gyrification is a complex process going through the successive appearance of primary folds (from 20 weeks of gestational age GA), secondary folds (from 32w GA) and tertiary folds (around term age). While this sequence is finely described in fetuses and preterm newborns of different ages using MRI and folding indices, there is still no fully objective assessment of the folding stage at the individual level. We examined the potential of a new method of spectral analysis of gyrification (SPANGY) that was applied to cortical surfaces of 26 preterm newborns, 9 full-term newborns and 17 infants to quantify the spatial-frequency structure of folding. Based on modelling approaches, we unraveled 4 periods along the developmental sequence from 27 to 62w GA, with relevant timepoints around 31w, 36-38w, and 44-47w GA. These periods showed specific folding features, with spatial patterns of increasing frequencies.
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