Societal-Level Versus Individual-Level Predictions of Ethical Behavior: A 48-Society Study of Collectivism and Individualism
David Ralston
(1)
,
Carolyn Egri
,
Olivier Furrer
,
Min-Hsun Kuo
,
Yongjuan Li
,
Florian Wangenheim
,
Marina Dabic
,
Irina Naoumova
,
Katsuhiko Shimizu
,
María Teresa de La Garza Carranza
,
Ping Ping Fu
,
Vojko Potocan
,
Andre Pekerti
,
Tomasz Lenartowicz
,
Narasimhan Srinivasan
,
Tania Casado
,
Ana Maria Rossi
,
Erna Szabo
,
Arif Butt
,
Ian Palmer
,
Prem Ramburuth
,
David J. Brock
(2)
,
Jane Terpstra-Tong
,
Ilya Grison
,
Emmanuelle Reynaud
(3)
,
Malika Richards
,
Philip Hallinger
,
Francisco Castro
,
Jaime Ruiz-Gutiérrez
,
Laurie Milton
,
Mahfooz Ansari
,
Arunas Starkus
,
Audra Mockaitis
,
Tevfik Dalgic
,
Fidel León-Darder
,
Hung Vu Thanh
,
Yong-Lin Moon
,
Mario Molteni
,
Yongqing Fang
,
Jose Pla-Barber
,
Ruth Alas
,
Isabelle Maignan
,
Jorge Jesuino
,
Chay-Hoon Lee
,
Joel Nicholson
,
Ho-Beng Chia
,
Wade Danis
,
Ajantha Dharmasiri
,
Mark Weber
(4)
Carolyn Egri
- Function : Author
Olivier Furrer
- Function : Author
Min-Hsun Kuo
- Function : Author
Yongjuan Li
- Function : Author
Florian Wangenheim
- Function : Author
Marina Dabic
- Function : Author
Irina Naoumova
- Function : Author
Katsuhiko Shimizu
- Function : Author
María Teresa de La Garza Carranza
- Function : Author
Ping Ping Fu
- Function : Author
Vojko Potocan
- Function : Author
Andre Pekerti
- Function : Author
Tomasz Lenartowicz
- Function : Author
Narasimhan Srinivasan
- Function : Author
Tania Casado
- Function : Author
Ana Maria Rossi
- Function : Author
Erna Szabo
- Function : Author
Arif Butt
- Function : Author
Ian Palmer
- Function : Author
Prem Ramburuth
- Function : Author
Jane Terpstra-Tong
- Function : Author
Ilya Grison
- Function : Author
Malika Richards
- Function : Author
Philip Hallinger
- Function : Author
Francisco Castro
- Function : Author
Jaime Ruiz-Gutiérrez
- Function : Author
Laurie Milton
- Function : Author
Mahfooz Ansari
- Function : Author
Arunas Starkus
- Function : Author
Audra Mockaitis
- Function : Author
Tevfik Dalgic
- Function : Author
Fidel León-Darder
- Function : Author
Hung Vu Thanh
- Function : Author
Yong-Lin Moon
- Function : Author
Mario Molteni
- Function : Author
Yongqing Fang
- Function : Author
Jose Pla-Barber
- Function : Author
Ruth Alas
- Function : Author
Isabelle Maignan
- Function : Author
Jorge Jesuino
- Function : Author
Chay-Hoon Lee
- Function : Author
Joel Nicholson
- Function : Author
Ho-Beng Chia
- Function : Author
Wade Danis
- Function : Author
Ajantha Dharmasiri
- Function : Author
Abstract
Is the societal-level of analysis sufficient today to understand the values of those in the global workforce? Or are individual-level analyses more appropriate for assessing the influence of values on ethical behaviors across country workforces? Using multi-level analyses for a 48-society sample, we test the utility of both the societal-level and individual-level dimensions of collectivism and individualism values for predicting ethical behaviors of business professionals. Our values-based behavioral analysis indicates that values at the individual-level make a more significant contribution to explaining variance in ethical behaviors than do values at the societal-level. Implicitly, our findings question the soundness of using societal-level values measures. Implications for international business research are discussed.